交换环上线性递归阵列的代数表示

设R是交换Noether环，R[X]是R上n个变元的多项式环，其中X＝（x1,…，xn），I是R[X]的理想，Zer(I)是R上的以I中的每个多项式为线性递归关系的n维阵列组成的集合，本文利用同调代数的观点，给出Zer(I）中阵列的代数表示，这些表示是域上序列的迹、母函数、状态矩阵等表示在形式和作用范围等方面的提炼、综合和推广，运用新的代数表示，并利用Groebner基理论，本文给出构造Zer(I)生成元的算法。     

Molecular Imaging of Biological Samples on Nanophotonic Laser Desorption Ionization Platforms

Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) is a comprehensive tool for the analysis of a wide range of biomolecules. The mainstream method for molecular MSI is matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization, however, the presence of a matrix results in spectral interferences and the suppression of some analyte ions. Herein we demonstrate a new matrix‐free MSI technique using nanophotonic ionization based on laser desorption ionization (LDI) from a highly uniform silicon nanopost array (NAPA). In mouse brain and kidney tissue sections, the distributions of over 80 putatively annotated molecular species are determined with 40 μm spatial resolution. Furthermore, NAPA‐LDI‐MS is used to selectively analyze metabolites and lipids from sparsely distributed algal cells and the lamellipodia of human hepatocytes. Our results open the door for matrix‐free MSI of tissue sections and small cell populations by nanophotonic ionization.     

新疆实验次声台阵设计

次声测量与数据是次声各项研究的基础,而次声台阵是现代次声测量的主要形式,为此设计并建立了两个无人值守式实验次声四元台阵。描述了次声台阵的结构,对台站的仪器构成进行了说明,重点对其降噪管和通信系统进行了描述。降噪管为十字玫瑰花瓣型降噪管,给出了其降风噪性能。台站通信系统基于VPN进行架构,实现了数据的实时自动传输和FTP传输功能。实测结果表明实验台阵的噪声主要是由微气压、山背波和台阵附近的随机干扰噪声构成。台阵记录到了大量当量较小的区域地表采矿、采石微差爆破次声信号,也记录到了2013年2月15日俄罗斯陨石大爆炸事件相关的清晰的次声信号。分析结果表明,该次声台阵具有良好的性能,具有一定的推广价值。     

Saharan dust electrification perceived by a triangle of atmospheric electricity stations in Southern Portugal

Atmospheric Electric Potential Gradient (PG) measurements were carried out in three sites forming a triangular array in Southern Portugal. The campaign was performed during the summer, characterized by Saharan dust outbreaks; 16th–17th July 2014 dust event is considered. Short time-scale oscillations of the PG at two of the stations and a mid time-scale suppression of the PG in the three stations are found. Results are interpreted as evidencing long-range dust electrification; attributed to the air-Earth electrical current creating a bipolar charge distribution inside of the dust layer. The relevance of using arrays of sensors, instead of single sited, is highlighted.     

High-throughput microfluidic sample-introduction systems

We give an overview on recent developments in high-throughput microfluidic sample-introduction techniques based on a capillary sampling probe and a slotted-vial array (SVA). We discuss the advantages and the potential of SVA-based sample-introduction systems as well as their applications in miniaturized flow-injection analysis, sequential-injection analysis, capillary electrophoresis and liquid-liquid extraction. We illustrate the advantages and the potential of SVA-based sample-introduction systems using results obtained recently.     

一种蛋白质阵列芯片新技术的研究

将微印刷技术与银增强法相结合,建立了一种蛋白质阵列芯片制备与检测的新方法。通过定量分析证明了蛋白质可以被均匀地转印至固相载体表面,采用银增强法对蛋白质的直接法检测和夹心法检测的最低检测量分别可达0.33和0.13 fmol。此新方法应用于蛋白质阵列上具有灵活、灵敏及成本低廉等特点。     

Study on the Indirect Electrochemical Detection of Ammonium Ion with In Situ Electrogenerated Hypobromous Acid

The electrochemical oxidation of bromide in the presence of ammonium ion (NH ) was studied by cyclic voltammetry and UV‐vis spectroscopy. The experimental results suggested that the anodically generated bromine (Br₂) would be hydrolyzed to hypobromous acid (HBrO) at the pH range of 5–7 and was further disproportionate to hypobromite anion (BrO^?) when pH was larger than 7. Both HBrO and BrO^? were confirmed to be participated in the following homogeneous chemical reaction with the coexisted ammonium ion. However, HBrO is electroactive whereas BrO^‐ is electroinactive at carbon electrode. Based upon the reaction of HBrO with NH , an indirect electrochemical method was proposed for determination of NH with dual‐electrode configuration in phosphate buffer solution (pH 7), where HBrO was produced at a generator electrode and the excess HBrO was subsequently detected at a collector electrode after a reaction with NH in a batch solution or in a micro flow injection analytical (micro‐FIA) system by using an interdigitated array (IDA) Pt microelectrode and a carbon film ring‐disk electrode (CFRDE), respectively. The decreasing of reduction current at the collector electrode was proportional to the concentration NH in both systems, with the detection limit below 3.0 μM. This approach shows the advantage of highly selectivity even in presence of a large amount of coexisted cations, and was successfully applied for the determination of NH in environmental water samples.     

A Comparison of the Properties of Contactless Conductivity and Diode‐Array Photometric Detectors in Analyses of Low‐Molecular,Biologically Active Substances by Capillary Electrophoresis in Acetic Acid Solutions

The performance of the contactless conductivity (C⁴D) and diode array photometric (DAD) detectors has been compared for CE separations of creatinine, arginine and 3‐methylhistidine in acetic acid background electrolytes. The contactless conductivity detector response has also been modeled. It has been found that the two detectors provide similar responses and can readily be used for dual CE detection. Changes in the acetic acid concentration affect the C⁴D noise less than the DAD noise, but their effect on the C⁴D response to the analytes is greater than with DAD. In general, C⁴D provides better detection results at higher acetic acid concentrations, while DAD is more sensitive and reliable at very low ones. Capillaries with greater internal diameters are preferable for both detectors, provided that the separation efficiency is not adversely affected. Acetic acid is a suitable background electrolyte for CE separations of small, basic organic molecules.     

Co(OH)2-combined carbon-nanotube array electrodes for high-performance micro-electrochemical capacitors

We have investigated binder-free Co(OH)₂-combined carbon-nanotube (CNT) array electrodes using anodized aluminum oxide (AAO) templates for micro-electrochemical capacitors. It is shown that compared to the capacitors fabricated with CNT only electrodes (6.3 F/cm³ at 100 mV/s), those with the Co(OH)₂-combined CNT array electrodes produce much higher capacitance (12.74 F/cm³ at 100 mV/s) together with superior high-rate capacitance. The improved electrochemical behavior is explained in terms of high capacitance of amorphous Co(OH)₂ electrode and the use of CNT arrays as effective current collector.     

Real-life application of a QCM-based e-nose: quantitative characterization of different plant-degradation processes

Continuous surveillance of composting processes would enable a feedback loop to be obtained for both analysis and process control. For this purpose, we designed e-noses based on a six-electrode quartz-crystal microbalance (QCM) array coated with affinity materials and molecularly imprinted polymers (MIP). They enable quantitative monitoring of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted directly in a compost bin and are highly suitable tools for achieving on-line characterization of the degradation processes occurring. During grass and pine composting (duration 14 days and 40 days, respectively), we observed concentrations of up to 250 ppm of esters, 700 ppm of alcohols, 250 ppm of terpenes, and 90% relative humidity directly on-line with such a system and could validate the data off-line by GC-MS. The sensor also gave direct insight into the differences between the two composting batch types. Besides duration, during grass composting larger amounts of alcohols are emitted whereas relative amount of terpenes is twice as high for pine composting. Detailed correlation of the sensor and the GC-MS data allows approximate estimation of the sensitivity of the sensor materials towards analyte classes such as, e.g., aliphatic alcohols or terpenes. Figure Mass sensitive sensor arrays coated with different molecularly imprinted and affinity materials are a highly suitable tool for quantitatively monitoring solvent patterns during composting procedures on-line in a composter headspace. Dedicated to Professor Udo Brinker on the occasion of his 65th birthday.